Hierarchical model

The hierarchical data model pioneered by IBM in the 1960 and hierarchical database model concept very close to real world also humans.This model concept such as a like organization of tree.This model contains a collection of records these records connected each through links. This record is a collection of fields. These records are similar to records of the network model. These records are presented with links.

Within each record, data elements are organized into pieces of records called segments. Looking this organizational chart, we can see the top-level segment this top-level segment to call as root. The top-level segment is connected logically to a lower segment, such as like a parent to child relationship or one to many relationships. Parent segment can have one or more child, but definitely a child has only one parent. In this model presenting one to many relationship or parent to child relationship.

What is the data model?

The data model is a standard organize the data elements related to one to another. Because the data represent real world like as documented data model places, and things and Events. Data models define how the logical structure of a database is modeled. Models are the fundamental entities to introduce abstraction in a DBMS. The main aim of the database designing process is identify and organize the required logically data and physically data.  The data model is show the what type information we contain in the database, this information how to use in the real world and the elements of the database will be related to each other.

As an example we can get as the in the scenario we can see the software company it can be get as the entity like as company the company has name and ID and the member can get as the other entity like as member the member have the name , ID ,address, qualification. So the company can be represent in the ID and name and the member represent in the name and ID   so we can see this tow entity has the one-to-many relationship.

The data model is a logical database structure. The database is divided into three parts.
• Logical data model
• Conceptual data model
• Physical data model

Finance and Accounts for Coca-cola company

      This one is the most important part of Finance and Accounts every business because of every business have to central several account and finical side of business account very carefully it meaning is company need to have very good cash flow and preparing accounts

When tanking about that Coca-cola company is the old company it have more strong cash flow because of that company have contrail several account like employees account that company have more than 130000 employees in that case that company need to be central and updating  that all of account with in every day in that case company need to have one of well prepared management system and that Coca-cola company is have to more than 200 country have to expanding around the world in that case head office have to central every account of that Coca-cola company in the world
And other important is Finance that Coca-cola company is most important to that financial stability to growth that company that company have to maintaining very good and well prepared cash flow because of that company have to control large amount of money

When we controlling that finance and account it have to need good cash flow it have to monitoring income and their revenue and monitoring their expenditure are can be easily chalking system that Coca-cola company need to main tanning because of that they have very large cash flow and that cash flow have to connect that other contras their branches and continually running that cash flow
Other part is rising finance it is most important part of the company that stage company monitoring their Shares cash when thinking about Coca-cola company that company have to sharing money given promotion campaigns like sponging cricket match like thins company need to sharing money that are need to have monitoring their every branch in every country very cleanly and have to central that flow suitable to the current market as well as other main thinks Loans not only that related Coca-cola company it most related every business because of every company need to have very central to gating the Loans when company gating loans exit  their limits may be damage it company cash flow as well as is can be effect  company growth in that case company need to well contrail their Loans
Other one is payment method when thinking about Coca-cola company it is the multinational company in that case that company Finance and Accounts devotion have to offering several method to trans action money because of country to country place to place change trans action method in that case that kind of multinational company have to forcibility to offering several kind of payment method that are helping the expanding their business and reaching every customers of every corner of the world that are most effect growth in the company        

Deferent between B 2B and B 2 C

When we thinking about business it core is manufacturing product or services and selling that process we can divide in main two category it is B2 B and B 2 C

When we thinking about that two business it core is same I is manufacturing and selling goods or services but that involve crowed is totally deferent because of that B 2 B business reference trans action by another business but B 2 C  business connect to the customers directly     

B 2 C business

            That also same to B 2 B because of this also have only buyer and seller but this method not like that B 2 B because of that B 2 C company they selling end product of the company and for the special is that kind of company don’t selling large number of product in single customer    

B 2 B business

When we searching about that kind of business I already note what is B 2 B business that business when connecting or refrying other business without change their rules and regulations and without any damage their business most of that business sharing in row materials for the example of when BMW car company build new sport car model that car tire making by another company we suggest MRF company is the manufacture of that kind of tire when that time that BMW company give information about that car after that tire company making suitable tire to that car that is the one example of the B 2 B business.

When the B 2 B business are selling their product don’t sell general buyer and they buying or selling large number of quantity

For the example of  B 2 B E-commerce web site form alibaba.com is the world largest  B 2 B E-commerce web site that site help to selling  or buying large number of product for the B 2 B  customers

When we using that kind B 2 B E-commerce web site that business can be save money and time not only that  when that using we can identify related product and customer can buy low cost and high collate  product or services of the business because of that largest B 2B  site provide large number of sellers in around the world  that are the advantage of that B 2 B E-commerce

Microsoft Windows, affected by the decline in PC sales

Microsoft logo is seen during the 2015 Microsoft ConferenceImage copyrightGetty Images assembly
Quarterly profit of Microsoft missed analysts' estimates as a continuation of the recession hurt sales of personal computers Windows kernel, the company's business.

of the company's net income fell to $ 3.76bn (£ 2,6 billion) in the third quarter compared with $ 4.99bn a year earlier.

Its shares fell more than 4% after the close of trading hours.

Revenue in the business cloud, which includes the Azure, rose 3.3% to $ 6.1 billion, but operating income in the division decreased by 14%.

"We would like to see 7% to 9% growth," said Dan Morgan, a portfolio manager at Synovus Trust, which owns Microsoft shares, said cloud revenue.

"We are trying to verify the story that Microsoft is really getting us the cloud, and they will not have to rely on a desktop computer."

'Gaining momentum'

The software giant's revenue fell to $ 20.53bn from $ 21.73bn, less than analysts had expected $ 22.09bn.

Continued weakness hobbled demand for licenses in the personal computer market single for some of its products, the company said.

While some analysts crave more growth from Microsoft, other analysts are taking wait-and-see approach.

"Microsoft's cloud business is gaining momentum, and sales in the market, so I am willing to give them the benefit of the doubt for the lost external expectations this quarter," said Matt McIllwain, venture capitalist Madrona Venture Group, which closely monitors Microsoft.

Chief Executive Satya NadellaImage copyrightGetty Images from Microsoft
Image captionMicrosoft executive director Nadella has been focused on cloud computing services
Cloud shift

Kevin Turner, chief operating officer of Microsoft said: "The digital transformation is the number one priority on the agenda of the Company's customers from large enterprises established in new startups are turning to our cloud solutions to help them move faster and generate new revenue streams.".

Nadella Microsoft CEO has focused on the development of cloud-based business of the company, since he took over in early 2014, with its "mobile first, cloud first" strategy.

Earlier this week, the American manufacturer of chips Intel said it reduced the 12,000 jobs mainly due to lower demand in the PC market. Intel also said it wants to "accelerate the evolution of the PC company to one that powers the cloud and billions of smart, connected computing devices."

Full launches subscription video on YouTube rival

Comedy duo Dean and Jack Dobbs HowardImage copyrightJack and Dean
Image captionDean Dobbs and Jack Howard, two of the most popular YouTube stars for a new service
Full online talent agency launched its own subscription video platform to rival YouTube offer.

Until now, the whole screen not working with social media talent on free platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat, and YouTube.

But the company said that the economy of the production of premium video advertising on the supported platforms "did not work".

One analyst questioned whether Fullscreen brand recognition necessary to attract a large audience.

Fullscreen describes itself as "a modern media company", part of the talent agency, producer of the content. It has a register of 75,000 "partners", recruited mainly through YouTube.

The company has traditionally made money on mediation promotional offers for its talent, providing support for small video-makers in exchange for a cut of the ad revenue, as well as through the sale of goods and vouchers for its biggest stars.

But he said that it was necessary to create your own video subscription platform to allow video-makers "to fulfill their artistic ambitions."

Full logoImage copyrightFullscreen
premium content Image captionFullscreen will not appear on YouTube
"Social media is a great place to make a quick, low-cost content for interaction with the fan club," said founder George Strompolos Full Force.

"But when it comes to the longer form, or premium production, the economy of its production on the free web simply do not work.

"We need to create a premium destination for this work, which is of higher quality."

Consumers are increasingly rejecting expensive packages of cable television and instead subscribe to certain streaming services, known as over-the-top service.

In October 2015, Google has launched its own bid to capture a new market with a premium video service YouTube titled Red.

Its services are offered to the long-known users YouTube-form productions, although Google still has not revealed how many members have paid it attracted.

"There is some overlap with the YouTube of Red, both subscription options, showing some of the programs with YouTube stars," said Mr Strompolos.

"But YouTube Red more about the experience and music without advertising, sprinkled with some programming. We are with original programs. It is not the icing on the cake is the cake."

Undercutting $ 9.99 (£ 6.90), which offer Google, Fullscreen subscription service will cost $ 4.99 (£ 3.40) per month, with programs for viewing on a stand-alone application and website.

British comedian Jack Howard Dean Dobbs and US Vlogger Shane Dawson is one of the most popular video producers involved.

The company said it would support his proposal online originals with traditional programs of television and film studios.

Empowering talent

"On the whole screen has large umbrella on YouTube channel names, but the brand itself is not particularly well known," said Tom Harrington, an industry analyst at Enders.

"They have some decent looking for the original program is planned, but these services live and die on their back catalog, and old episodes of Dawson Creek will only get you so far.

"It is becoming increasingly crowded market, and it's hard to think that they will have the same recognition to get noticed, like Amazon, Disney, and Netflix."

Mr. Strompolos sure the service will find an audience.

"This generation has grown up in the social media, to fall in love with the stars as Grace Helbig, and Jack and Dean," said Mr Strompolos.

"Part of being a fan of the creator is that you give them the opportunity to reach new heights - you'll get them to a place where they can realize their ambitions.

"But we are also thinking about expanding opportunities talent, giving them a great experience and the establishment of friendly cooperation.

"Ultimately, the service that talent wants to win, is a service that wins."

What is software testing?

Software testing is the process of implementing a program or application with a view to finding software bugs.

Furthermore, it can be said as a process check and verify that the software or application or product:
It complies with the requirements of technical and business that guided its design and development
It works as expected
It can be implemented with the same characteristic.
Let's look at the definition of the software testing into the following parts:

1) Process: Testing is a process, not a single action.

2) All of the life cycle of activity: Testing is a process that will take place throughout the software development life cycle Life (SDLC).

The process of designing test earlier in the life cycle can help prevent the introduction of defects in the code. This is sometimes referred to as "test test database with the test design."
The test database includes documents such as requirements and design specifications.
Software Testing 3) Static Testing: It can test and find faults without having to code. Static testing is carried out during the verification process. This testing includes verification of documents (including source code) and static analysis. This is useful and cost-effective way of testing. For example: review, walkthrough, inspection, etc.

4) Dynamic testing: In the dynamic testing of the code is performed to demonstrate the result of the test. This is done during the checkout process. For example, unit testing, integration testing, system testing, etc.

5) Plan: We must plan, as what we want to do. We control the test events, we report on the progress of testing and software status under test.

6) Preparation: We have to choose what we will do testing, choosing test conditions and test development.

7) Assessment: During the evaluation we have to check the results and evaluate the software for testing and completion criteria, which helps us to decide whether we have finished testing and software testing if passed.

8) Software products and related work products: In addition to the testing of test code requirements and design specifications, as well as relevant documents such as operation and user training material is equally important.

What is Agile?

Agile model considers each project must be handled differently, and existing methods must be adapted to best suit the project requirements. The agile tasks are divided into time box (small time frame) to deliver specific characteristics for the release.

An iterative approach is adopted and running software build software is delivered after each iteration. Each assembly more in terms of features; final assembly contains all the functions required to the customer.

Here is a graphic illustration of Agile Model:

Agile SDLC model
Agile thinking process started at the beginning of the software development and started to become popular over time because of its flexibility and adaptability.

The most popular agile methods include the Rational Unified Process (1994), the Scrum (1995), Crystal Clear, Extreme Programming (1996), Adaptive Software Development, Feature Driven Development, and the method of dynamic systems (Dsdm) (1995). Now they are together referred to as agile methodologies, after the Agile Manifesto was published in 2001.

The principles Agile Manifesto

Individuals and interactions - in agile development, and self-motivation are important as well as the interaction as co-location and pair programming.

Software Development - Demo software working is considered the best means of communication with the customer to understand their requirements, not only in terms of documentation.

Co-operation with the customer - As the requirements can not be collected in full at the beginning of the project due to various factors, constant customer interaction is very important to get the appropriate product requirements.

Responding to change - Agile focuses on rapid response to change and continuous development.

Traditional Vs Agile SDLC model
Agile is based on adaptive methods of software development, where as traditional SDLC model as the waterfall model is based on a predictive approach.

Forward-looking team in the traditional SDLC models usually work with a detailed plan and have full forecast the exact tasks and functions, which will be delivered over the next few months or throughout the product lifecycle. Prognostic methods are totally dependent on the requirements analysis and planning done at the beginning of the cycle. Any changes that need to be included to pass through a rigorous change management controls and prioritization.

Agile uses adaptive approach, where there is no detailed plan, and there is clarity with regard to the future challenges only to what features should be developed. There is a function on the basis of the development team and adapt to the changing requirements of a dynamic product. The product was tested very often, through the release of iterations, minimizing the risk of any major failures in the future.

Interaction with customers is the basis of the methodology of Agile, and open communication with minimum documentation are typical features of Agile development environment. Agile teams work closely with each other and most often located in the same geographical location.

Agile Model Pros and Cons
Prompt methods currently widespread acceptance in the software world in recent years, however, this method may not always be suitable for all products. Here are some pros and cons of flexible model.

The following table lists the pros and cons of Agile Model:

Pros and cons
This is a very realistic approach to software development

It promotes teamwork and cross-training.

The functionality can be quickly developed and demonstrated.

The resource requirements are minimal.

Suitable for fixed or changing requirements

It provides early partial working solutions.

A good model for environments that change continuously.

Minimum rules documentation easily used.

It enables parallel development and delivery within the overall context of the plan.

Little or no planning is not needed

Easy to operate

It provides flexibility for developers

Not suitable for the machining of complex dependencies.

More risk stability, maintainability and extensibility.

The general plan, the leader of agile and flexible practices of PM is a must, without which it will not work.

Strict delivery management dictates the amount of functionality to deliver, as well as adjustments for the timing.

largely depends on the interaction with customers, so that if a client is not clear, the command may move in the wrong direction.

There is a very high dependence of the individual, as there is minimal documentation is generated.

Transfer of technology for the new members of the team can be quite a daunting task due to lack of documentation.

BIOS

 Purpose BIOS is the basic input-output system, is one of the operating system, the BIOS is usually mounted on a chip ROM meaning of ROM read-only memory, this memory BIOS non-volatile memory is not affected, because a power failure of the non-volatile memory does not lose data when the power is off. Goals are BIOS boot every PC it is turned on and after the test all equipment after configuration against the configuration data, this BIOS have the hardware and soft ware features that whey can manage hardware and software. The main purpose of BIOS is to control the input and output of the system put the operational and hardware .that instructions or program we have called FIRMWARE
Work from the BIOS
• Changing the boot order
• Load BIOS Setup Default
• Remove the BIOS password
• Create a BIOS password
• Change the date and time
• Change the date and time
• Changing the floppy disk drive
• Changing the settings for hard drives
• Enable or disable the CPU internal cache
• Enable or disable BIOS caching
• Changing the CPU parameters
• Changing the memory parameters
Etc…
Is the work of BOS

Leadership Traits and Skills

Traits

•Adaptable to situations

•Alert to social environment

•Ambitious and achievement orientated

•Assertive

•Cooperative

•Decisive

•Dependable

•Dominant (desire to influence others)

•Energetic (high activity level)

•Persistent

•Self-confident

•Tolerant of stress

•Willing to assume responsibility

Skills

•Clever (intelligent)

•Conceptually skilled

•Creative

•Diplomatic and tactful

•Fluent in speaking

•Knowledgeable about group task

•Organised (administrative ability)

•Persuasive

•Socially skilled